Acid Attacks - Bangladesh

pPOLErPiHPSPF: ûijPLHP-jüPAlPAnPLQ (5): KPAdPLz oPF pPOLErPiHPSPF

pPOLErPESPFêPL
EHPiSL÷P vhPFTPAnPLlP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL EHPXPibPL EkPPCUF tPOTPz (2004 LçLKPQ)

idPLSPF	mFZlP SPFsPFz	EkPPCUF tPOTPz
`çFHPAEjPLlP	aAKP	1999 LçLKPQ iTPikPP EnPLjPLãO÷P-çpPOLéUFtPO vhPFTPAnPLilPrP mFZlPz gPOzAisPFAElPnPL aipPOL¾PPA kPPmPF; EHPiSL÷PrP açLgPFNPQ wvPOðpPOLAdPLkPP oPF rPâPLAnPLQ-kPPArP\|
ipPOLrPq	aAKP	2002 LçLKPQ-itPO sPFrPkPPArPQ nPLQEtPO iGPLAEXPtPO hPFbPL : 20-EWvPF pPOLAtPOnPL-BPOAEWvPF ePHPM ipPOLAtPO`çLSPFbPL pPOLyPYÙPO pPOLAvhPFpPOLlPAvhPFnPL-sPFhPF 600,000 ePkPPrP HPnPLAÏPOilP(iyPKPAinPL ikPPAikPPA-pPOLAtPOA wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL hPFbPL) aAKP-cPFAXP\| 2010 LçLKPQ-itPO 1.14 EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP vhPFTPAnPLlP rPâPLAnPLQrP aASPFA\|
kPPlPEÈ÷PbPLA	aAKP	2006-LçLKPQ iTPikPP SPFhPFrP (5 lP¾PP HPA aEDPFkPP jPLnPLsPFMKPzA) aÏPOilP 10- SPFtPOAMSPF vhPFTPAnPLlP-sPFMEmPF`çLSPFNP E10@ cPFAlU ; ePjPLnPLz aEtPOErPÀoPLÝ 370,000 ePkPPrP jPLEmPFitPO aAKP-cPFAXP oPF 9-EWvPF vhPFTPAnPLlP kPPArPKPAnPLA ëPOApPOLnPL HPCPFirP çpPOLAbPL 1 EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP vhPFTPAnPLlP rPâPLAnPLQrP aASPFA\|
ePlP sPFAlPBPOAwPOrP, gOUbPLAiWvPFmPFAlPA, hPFnPLwLUOrPAsPF, EnPLkPPArP- gOUbPLA, kPPãOFWvPFAErPkPPA	aAKP	2010-LçLKPQitPO imPFAWvPF wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL-lP¾PPz : 0.5 EHPElPbPLnPL (fPOilP sPFHPYÀeOL` 10-SPFtPOAMSPF vhPFTPAnPLlP sPFMEmPF`çLSPFNP E10@ kPPrPA yPAiHP)\| kPPãOFWvPFAErPkPPA, jPLzAmPFAvhPFkPPA, ePlP sPFAlPBPOAwPOrP vhPFTPAnPLlP-sPFMEmPFE`çLSPFtPO jüPAlPAEnPL rPâPLAEnPL kPPirP mPFAß.yUÀoPLÝrPAiæFêPL çpPOLiHPSPF-kPPrP CPFwxPF-sPFhPF Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery aAvhPFnPL anFUyPAbPLQ\|
mPFAß. yUÀoPLÝrPAæFêPL	BUOôPOA	2004-LçLKPQitPO 35 EmPFElPbPLnPL imPFEæWvPFkPP WvPFnPL BUOôPOArP (imPFAWvPF wvPOðpPOLAdPLinPLrP 12-SPFtPOAMSPF) HPzHPhÖFtPO hPFibPLiCPF çpPOLAbPL 13-EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP vhPFTPAnPLlP çpPOLéUFitPO\| 2005-LçLKPQ nPLAgPOAdPL 16-EWvPF mFZtPOnPL pPOLAtPOnPLBPOAEWvPF yUÀoPLÝ hPFilP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL CPFAEwxPFibPL yPAiHP çpPOLAbPL 17-EHPElPbPLnPL\| HPtPOYmPFAinPL 81-EWvPF ÂpPFzA×FWvPF (çpPOLAbPL 4 iTPikPP 1,140 EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP HPAEXPYkPP ¾PPmPFtPOA) kPPAjPL kPPrPiCPF, yPArP aiDPFYkPP kFÖOXPkPPidPLrP EnPLjPLãO÷P aEDPFkPPAirP\|
kPPzAnPLAwPOA	BUOôPOA, gPOmPF	2004-LçLKPQitPO 230 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP vhPFTPAnPLlP HPAElPY çpPOLéUFtPO\| EkPPibPLAiWvPFA-dPLAbPLçLgPFëPOtPOA rP¾PPArP ãO÷PAiTPY HPtPOYmPFAnPL gPOzAisPFAElPnPL HPzHPhPFAirPrP 35-SPFtPOAMSPF FpOLUnPLßëPOApPOLnPL kPPrPA hPFiHP 10-SPFtPOAMSPF sPFMEmPF`çLSPFNP E10@ sPFhPF\|ePrP jPLnPLz çpPOLAbPL 1.3 EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP vhPFTPAnPLlP çpPOLéUFitPOrP çpPOLibPLAjPLnPL\| 7-EWvPF nFZtPOnPL ESPFÜP (imPFAWvPF ¾PPmPFtPOA çpPOLAbPL 750 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP) HPsPFAHPArP pPOLErPkPPÜPnPLA inPLoPFbPLA hPFibPLiCPF ( Ethanol Expansion Program)@\| vhPFTPAnPLlP-HPzHPhPFAirP wvPOðsPFAhPF idPLoPFbPLArP jPLnPLz BPOtUOYEkPP, WvPFzA½P-CPFAwxPF, sPFMEmPF`çLSPFNP (blending) @ cPFAlU hPFibPLiCPF anPLWvPFAErPoPF, sPFAãFFkPPAcUFbPLAnPL oPF mPFAEnPLiWvPFAHPA-itPO\|
cPFQnPL	BUOôPOA, gPOmPF	2001-LçLKPQ iTPikPP vhPFTPAnPLlP-sPFMyUÀoPLÝ jüPAlPAnPLQ HPzHPhPFArP pPOLrPQ¾PPAmFZlPkPP BPOAiHP cPFAlU kPPirPiCPF mPFDPFz oPF wvPOÀoP`LrPFpOLZHPY aÏPOilPrP 5-EWvPF SPFhPFirP [ihPFnPLAnPL çpPOLidPLiSPFrP Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Nanyang ePHPM hPFAvhPFlPMEjPLbPLAnPL çpPOLidPLiSPFrP Harbin and Zhaodong]\| EjPLElPnPL EWvPFbPLAnPL (Jilin Tianhe) pPOLAtPOAnPLBPOAEWvPF- iyPWvPFA EHPiSL÷PrP sPFHPYHÖhPFð- tPOArP HPAðsPFErPkPP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL ¾PPmPFtPOA hPFi©CPF 1.2 EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP, HPtPOYmPFAinPL çpPOLéUFtPO kPPrPiCPF 0.91 EHPElPbPLnPL\|
BPOArPtPOHPXPY	aAKP	2003 LçLKPQ iTPikPP sPFrPkPPArP 9-EWvPF çpPOLidPLiSPF cPFAlU kPPirPiCPF 5-SPFtPOAMSPF sPFMEmPF`çLSPFNP E5@, aAHPgPOAErP-SFUÅPO CPFAwxPF-sPFhPF\| EcPFEnPLkPPlP mPFAElPkPPrPA 20-EWvPF nFZtPOnPL vhPFTPAnPLlP kPPArPKPAnPLA (HPtPOYmPFAinPL aAiCPF 10-EWvPF) ûitPObPLAErPrP pPOLErPkPPÜPnPLA EnPLibPLiCPFnPL iyPgOUElP çpPOLDPFAnPLtPOß HPsPFAinPLA hPFi©CPF wvPOÀoP`LrP çpPOLidPLSPF, mPFhPFArPAæFêPL oPF tPOAEmPFlPnPLAwxPU-itPO\| E5@-sPFMEmPF`çLSPFiNPrP jPLnPLz çpPOLibPLAjPLnPL HPðsPFirP 370 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP 2004-LçLKPQitPO\| imPFAWvPF ¾PPmPFtPOA HPðsPFirP çpPOLAbPL 2.7 EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP, çpPOLéUFtPO kPPrPA hPFi©CPF mPFAÀeOL` 1.75 EHPElPbPLnPL\|
TPAvhPFlPzALÕPL	kPPAsPFABPOA, aAKP, BPOAtPO	2007-LçLKPQitPO 10-SPFtPOAMSPF vhPFTPAnPLlP-sPFMEmPF`çLSPFNP E10 aAvhPFnPL kPPrPA hPFibPLiCPF yPArP jPLnPLz wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL HPAwxPFAitPO hPFiHP 280 (2004 LçLKPQ) iTPikPP 1500 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP-eP\| 18-EWvPF nFZtPOnPL vhPFTPAnPLlP-kPPArPKPAnPLA EnPLEmPFYtPO hPFi©CPF, wvPOWvPF^pPOLAdPLkPPrPA pPOLAiHPnPL nPLAnPLA WvPFzA½P-sFUEHPDPFA\| sPFrPkPPArPQ-EhPFsPFAHP mPFitPOA E10-sPFMEmPF`çLSPFiNP mFZlPz kPPmPF hPFiHP gPOzAisPFAElPinPLrP tUOlPnPLAbPL, 1-2 isPFi×FWvPFrP mPFitPOA çpPOLEtPO ElPWvPFArP \|
aiãOLæWvPFElPbPLA	SPFsPFzdPLAnPLA, aAKP	2000-LçLKPQ iTPikPP sPFrPkPPArP wvPOðsPFAhPF EdPLi©CPFnPL nPLAnPLAçpPOLkPPArP WvPFzA½P oPF EmPFêPL sPFrPGPLmPF CPFAwxPF oPF wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL-BPOtUOYEkPP mPFArPfPOð\| 2004-LçLKPQitPO ûijPLHP-jüPAlPAnPLQrP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL hPFlP 125 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP\| pPOLErPkPPÜPnPLA-mPFAEfPOkPP 2010-LçLKPQitPO wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL-lP¾PPz hPFlP 350 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP yPA' imPFAWvPF gPOzAisPFAElPnPL HPzHPhPFAirPrP 1-SPFtPOAMSPF\|
vhPFoPFirPApPOLQbPL vhPFwvPOEnPLbPLnPL	SPFsPFzdPLAnPLA, sFUgPOArPHPQWvPF	ePkPPEWvPF 'pPOLErPhPFAyPY' EnPLidPLYiSPF vhPFwvPOirPApPOL kPPEmPFSPFnPL jPLAEnPLibPLiCPFnPL jüPAlPAnPLQrP imPFAWvPF çpPOLibPLAjPLinPLrP 2-SPFtPOAMSPF ûijPLHP-jüPAlPAnPLQ EdPLibPL imPFWvPFAitPO hPFiHP 2005 LçLKPQrP mPFiDPFz, iyPWvPFA 2010 LçLKPQ nPLAgPOAdPL HPAEwxPFibPL 5.75 SPFtPOAMSPF kPPrPitPO hPFiHP\| yPEdPL DPFirP inPLoPFbPLA yPAbPL 13-EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP vhPFTPAnPLlP çpPOLibPLAjPLnPL hPFiHP, tPOA'hPFilP SPFsPFzdPLAnPLArP jPLnPLz çpPOLibPLAjPLnPL hPFiHP 12.6 EmPFElPbPLnPL ePkPPrP ePHPM sFUgPOArPHPQiWvPFrP jPLnPLz 1.5 EmPFElPbPLnPL ePkPPrP jPLEmPF\| sPFdPLsPFz rPAæFêPLgOUElP ePvhPF EHPXPibPL WvPFzA½P-CPFAwxPF EdPLitPO pPOLArPiHP\|
`çFfPOLAÓOLsLP	sFUgPOArPHPQWvPF, gPOmPF, BUOôPOA	vhPFTPAnPLlP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL ECPFlP 2003 LçLKPQ- 88.6 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP, iHPiwxPF 829 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP hPFibPLiCPF 2004-LçLKPQitPO; pPOLErPkPPÜPnPLA aAiCPF 2008 LçLKPQ- nPLAgPOAdPL aArPoPF 367 EmPFElPbPLnPL yUÀoPLÝ kPPrPArP\|
jPLAmPFYAnPLQ	rPAvhPF, gPOmPF	2004 LçLKPQitPO wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL çpPOLAbPL 270 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP ; 2005 LçLKPQ nPLAgPOAdPL aArPoPF 3-EWvPF nFZtPOnPL pPOLAtPOnPLBPOAEWvPF yUÀoPLÝ kPPrPiHP HPCPFirP 300 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP yPArP jPLnPLz çpPOLibPLAjPLnPL hPFiHP 1.4 EmPFElPbPLnPL imPFEæWvPFkPP WvPFnPL rPAvhPF ePHPM gPOmPF, yPA jPLAmPFYAnPLQrP 2004 LçLKPQrP imPFAWvPF SPFisPFzrP 3-SPFtPOAMSPF\|
sFUvhPFiwPOnPL	gPOmPF	2003 LçLKPQ iTPikPP E5@-sPFMEmPF`çLSPFNP HPzApPOLkPPBPOAiHP cPFAlU rPibPLiCPF, 50-EWvPF mPFtPOnPL iãOFWvPFSPFinPL pPOLAoPFbPLA yPAi©CPF E5@\| vhPFTPAnPLlP-wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL 2004-LçLKPQitPO dPLÿAEwxPFibPLiCPF 98 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFAirPrP ePkPPWvUF iHPESPF; 2003-LçLKPQitPO ECPFlP çpPOLAbPL 60 EmPFElPbPLnPL\| HPAEkPP çpPOLibPLAjPLnPL imPFWvPFAbPL `çFHPAEjPLlP oPF iãPOpPOLnPL iTPikPP aAmPFdPLAnPLQ kPPirP\|
dPLE¾PPNP aAE`çFfPOLkPPA	BUOôPOA, aAKP	kPPbPLlPA iTPikPP vhPFTPAnPLlP çpPOLéUFitPO açLgPFNPQ rPAæFêPLQbPL gPOzAsPF ikPPAÈOLpPOLAEnPL; ePKPnPL SPFsPFz-EBPOEÀoP`LkPP ûijPLHP-vhPFTPAnPLlP çpPOLéUFitPOrP EdPLikPP cPFilPiCPF\| 2004-LçLKPQitPO imPFAWvPF vhPFTPAnPLlP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL- 416- EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP\| 2006 LçLKPQ nPLAgPOAdPL aArPoPF 6-EWvPF kPPArPKPAnPLA yUÀoPLÝ hPFilP vhPFTPAnPLlP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL dPLÿAwxPFAiHP 1.2 EHPElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP\|
EjPLÈ÷PAiHPAibPL	aAKP	EHPgPOtPO 20-HPðsPFrP DPFirP gPOzAisPFAElPnPL EHPÀePÝbPL hPFi©CPF 12-15 SPFtPOAMSPF vhPFTPAnPLlP EmPF`çLSPFNP-sPFhPF\| vhPFTPAnPLilPrP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL ¾PPmPFtPOA çpPOLAbPL 38 EmPFElPbPLnPL ElPWvPFArP, EkPPÙUO ûitPObPLAErP hPFi©CPF mPFAÀeOL` 23 EmPFElPbPLnPL\|

wvPOðsPF : Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from Renewable Fuels Association, Homegrown for the Homeland: Ethanol Industry Outlook 2005 (Washington, DC: 2005), pp. 8-10, 14; Christoph Berg, World Fuel Ethanol Analysis and Outlook (Ratzeburg, Germany: F.O. Licht, April 2004); Stephane His, “Biofuels Worldwide,” technical report, Panorama 2005: Energy, Transport, Environment (Paris: Institute Francais de Petrol, 25 November 2004); Hosein Shapouri, “Biofuel Production: Implications for Grain Industry and Consumers,” presentation, Agricultural Outlook Forum 2005, 24 February 2005; Molly Aeck, “Biofuel Use Growing Rapidly,” in Vital Signs 2005 (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2005), p. 38; Melissa Alexander, "Coarse Grains," World Grain, January 2005; Lucy Hornby, “Asia Pushes Ahead on Biofuel, Despite Cost,” Reuters, 28 February 2005; “Maize for alcohol production to top 8.9 million tons in 2005/06,” Xinhua, 16 May 2005; David Cullen, “EU Says Won’t Meet 2 Percent Biofuel Target This Year,” Reuters, 3 March 2005; "France Unveils Biofuel Plan to Meet EU 2010 Target," Reuters, 2 March 2005; Michael Hogan, "German Biofuel Firms to Become Large Grain Buyers," Reuters, 18 March 2005; Peter Apps, "South Africa Maize Farmers See Ethanol Plant In 18 Months," Reuters, 15 March 2005; "Use of Ethanol Fuel for Cars," Energy Saving Now website, viewed 26 June 2005,