Electricity, Hybrid Auto and USA

E`HPdLUzð-SPFEÀoPLÝ, sPFMkPPrP (hybrid) umPFAWvPFrPyPAnPL ePHPM mPFAE`kPPYnPL yUÀoPLÝrPAæFêPL

a``unPL``ukPPrP aASPFA E`CPFlP 'E`HPSL÷P-wvPOXOLÎAbPLnPL' ePHPM 'aAHPhPFAoPFbPLA pPOLE`rPHPtPOYnPL' E`HPXP``u`bPL unPLtÖOñPL udPL``uHP mPFAE`kPPYnPL yUÀoPLÝrPAæFêPL, kPPArPNP ePvhPF rPA``uæFêPLrP hPFA``utPO aA``uCPF wvPOnÔPtPO E`HP¸PPAnPL oPF çpPOLyUEÀoPLÝ ePHPM aTPYHPlPP| aArP wvPOnÔPtPO udPLSPFgOUE`lPrP mPF``uDPFz kPPArPHPnPL-wPOAvhPF-a½PAvhPFwPO oPF anPLzAnPLz çLgPFQnPLhPFAwvPOsPF gPOzAsPF E`nPLßsPFrPNP kPPmPFA``unPLArP dPLAE`bPLñPL sPFHP``ucPF``u`bPL uHPESPF aA``umPFE`rPkPPArP, ePWvPFA aãO÷PQkPPArP kPPrPArP wvPOpPOLAbPL unPLvhPFP| ePvhPF dPLAE`bPLñPL çpPOLATPE`mPFkPPBPOA``uHP aãO÷PQkPPArP kPPrPlP yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPLrP ufPOwPOA``u`rPlP sPFrPkPPArP E`kPP``u`bPLA``uWvPFA-çpPOL``uWvPFAkPPlP-eP sPFvhPF nPLA kPP``u`rPP| E`kPPÙUO yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPLrP E`HPE`BPOnÔP rPAjPLzgOUE`lP cUFpPOLcPFApPOL HP``usPF unPLvhPF, pPOLE`rP©CPFnÔP E`HPdLUzð wvPOðpPOLAdPL``unPLrP jPLnPLz a``unPL``ukPPvhPF JPFÿAEpPOL``u`bPL pPOL``uwxPF``uCPFP| yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPLrP SPFEÀoPLÝ-dPLâPLrP (Department of Energy - DOE) ePkPP çpPOLE`tPO``uHPdPL``unPL jPLAE`nPL``u`bPL``uCPF uyP ukPPHPlP mPFAÀeOL` wvPOÀoP`LrP wPOA``ukPPAWvPFA, kPPAnPLsPFAsPF ePHPM uWvPF½PAsPF E`mPFE`lPtPOBPOA``uHP jPLAtPOQbPL SPFEÀoPLÝrP umPFAWvPF cPFAE`hPFdPLA FpOLZrPNP kPPrP``utPO pPOLA``u`rPP|

mPFAE`kPPYnPL yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPL aA``uCPF FpOLÖETPHPQrP sPFHP uTP``ukPP uHPESPF umPFAWvPFrPyPAnPL - çLgPFQnPLhPFAwvPOsPF gPOzAsPF E`nPLßsPFrP``uNP yPArP ëPOAnPL jPLQHPAåÉP-jüPAlPAE`nPL-E`HPdLUzð``ukPP``uÓLçLdPL pPOL``u`rPvhPFP| E`kPP BPOA``uHP HPAbLUSPFEÀoPLÝ oPF sPFMkPPrP umPFAWvPFrPyPA``unPLrP çpPOLyUEÀoPLÝrP umPFlP HPÓ÷PìnPL GPLE`WvPF``u`bPL pPOLE`rP©CPFnÔP pPOLE`rP``uHPSPF sFÖE`êPL kPPrPA yPAbPL usPFWvPFAvhPF aA``ulPAcPFnPLA kPP``u`rP``uCPFnPL Earth Policy Institute-ePrP dLU'jPLnPL E`HP``uSPFXP¸PPP|
ePrP uTP``ukPP ESPF¾PPA E`nPL``utPO pPOLA``u`rP BPOArP``utPOrP mPFtPO wvPOnÔPbPLnPLSPFQlP udPLSPF sPFE`VPFkPP pPOLE`rPkPPÜPnPLA mPFArPfPOð - pPOLE`rPHPhPF``unPL ePHPM SPFEÀoPLÝ wvPOðpPOLAdPL``unPLP|

(1) utPO``ulPrP jPLnPLz wvPOðKPnPLnPL ukPPAnPLoPF sPFmPFADPFAnPL nPLbPL:

pPOLåcPFAðpPOLWvPF:

mPFAE`kPPYnPL yUÀoPLÝrPAæFêPL çpPOLE`tPOE`dPLnPL 21 E`mPFE`lPbPLnPL HPzA``u`rPlP upPOL``uæWvPFAE`lPbPLAmPF 7.5 E`HPE`lPbPLnPL HPzA``u`rPlP HPCPF``u`rP KPrPcPF kPP``u`rP, uyPWvPFA E`HP``uSL÷PrP ePkPP-cPFtUOTPYAMSPF;
apPOLE`rP``uSPFAEDPFtPO utPOlP, yPA yUÀoPLÝrPAæFêPL KPrPcPF kPP``u`rP, tPOArP 66-SPFtPOAMSPF hPFlP aAmPFdPLAnPLQ kPPrPA;
aAmPFdPLAnPLQ-kPPrPA upPOL``uæWvPFA``ulPrP jPLnPLz 2008 LçLKPQ-rP aAgPOãOFWvPF pPOLyPYÙPO KPrPcPF hPF``u`bPL``uCPF 500 E`HPE`lPbPLnPL mPFAE`kPPYnPL wPOlPArP;
HPtPOYmPFA``unPL yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPLrP E`nPLjPLãO÷P wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL aA``usPF (1) 48-E`WvPF rPAjPLz rPA``ujPLzrP ëPOlPBZOE`mPFrP BZOgPOBPOY uTP``ukPP E`dPLnPL-çpPOLE`tPO 2.90 E`mPFE`lPbPLnPL HPzA``u`rPlP, (2) sPFmFUædP-sPFQmPFAnPLArP HPAvhPF``u`rP (offshore) uTP``ukPP (E`HP``uSPFXP kPP``u`rP umPFE`½P``ukPPA wvPOpPOLsPFAgPOrP) 1.40 E`mPFE`lPbPLnPL HPzA``u`rPlP; ePHPM (3) aAlPAsPFkPPA uTP``ukPP 0.7 E`mPFE`lPbPLmPF HPzA``u`rPlPP|

aArPoPF wvPOðKPnPLnPL yUÀoPLÝrPAæFêPL``ukPP SPFEÀoPLÝ-ãO÷PbPLÆPFrP kPPrP``utPO pPOLArP``uHP nPLA:

mPFAE`kPPYnPL yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPLrP BZOtPOAEÀoFüOLkPP pPOLyPY``uHP¾PPNP anFUmPFAnPL kPP``u`rP``uCPFnPL uyP çpPOLyUEÀoPLÝgPOtPOBPOA``uHP uyP utPOlP wvPOªPìArP kPPrPA yPA``uHP sFU``umPFrPqrP jPLAtPOQbPL HPnPLzpPOLSFU rP¾PPAlPbPL``uTP``ukPP, tPOA cPFlP``uHP HPwxPF ujPLArP udPLwxPF HPCPFrPP|
yUÀoPLÝA``uæFêPLrP SPFEÀoPLÝ dPLâPLrP DOE*-rP anFUmPFAnPL nPLQ``ucPFrP E`dPL``ukPPrP 4*-E`WvPF rPA``ujPLzrP OCS (Outer Continental Shelf)-uTP``ukPP çpPOLyUEÀoPLÝgPOtPO BPOA``uHP çpPOLAâPLHPz 59 HPzA``u`rPlP utPO``ulPrP mPF``uDPFz mPFAÀeOL` 18 E`HPE`lPbPLnPL utPOAlPA yPA``uHP ufPOwPOA``u`rPlP-E`nPL``uXPDPFA¸PPArP jPLnPLzP|
DOE-rP mPF``utPO OCS-E`nPL``uXPDPFA¸PPA wvPO``uVPF ugPO``ulPoPF 2017 LçLKPQ-rP aA``ugPO utPO``ulPrP sPFAE`HPYkPP wvPOðpPOLAdPL``unPL wvPOnÔPE`tPO hPF``uHP nPLA ePHPM 2030 LçLKPQ-nPLAgPOAdPL utPO``ulPrP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL dPLAwxPFA``uHP E`dPLnPL-çpPOLE`tPO mPFAÀeOL` 0.20 E`mPFE`lPbPLnPL HPzA``u`rPlP-eP, yPA HPtPOYmPFAnPL çpPOL``u`bPLAjPL``unPLrP 1-SPFtPOAM``uSPFrP kPPmPFP|
yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPL utPO``ulPrP pPOLrPQE`¾PPtPO E`rPjPLABPOY HPtPOYmPFA``unPL 21 E`HPE`lPbPLnPL HPzA``u`rPlP, yPA ªPArPA HPtPOYmPFAnPL HPzHPhPFA``u`rPrP hPFA``u`rP ukPPAnPLoPF mPF``utPO cPFlP``utPO pPOLA``u`rP 3-HPðsPFrPP|
utPOlP-wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL 1970 LçLKPQ-utPO SPFQ``uXPY upPOL´ÿCPFAHPArP pPOLrP uTP``ukPP yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPL apPOLE`rP``uSPFAEDPFtPO utPO``ulPrP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL kPP``umPF dPLAE`wxPF``u`bPL``uCPF 47-SPFtPOAM``uSPFP| ePKPnPL E`HP``uSL÷PrP wvPOðpPOLAdPLnPL SPFQ``uXPY upPOL´ÿCPFAHPArP mFU``uKPP|

aArPoPF wvPOðKPnPL``unPL utPO``ulPrP HPA gPOzA``usPFAE`lP``unPLrP mFZlPz kPPmPFArP ukPPAmPFoPF sPFÆPFAHPnPLA unPLvhPF:

SPFEÀoPLÝ-dPLâPL``u`rPrP E`hPFsPFAHP-anFUyPAbPLQ sFU``umPFrPqrP ANWR uTP``ukPP çpPOLAâPL gPOzA``usPFAE`lP``unPLrP (``upPOLæWvPF``ulPrP) jPLnPLz rPA``uæFêPLrP upPOLæWvPFlP pPOLAÈOLpPOLgOUE`lP``utPO mFZlPz kPPmPF``uHP HPwxPF``ujPLArP 2 usPF×FWvPF çpPOLE`tPO gPOzAlP``unPL;
ANWR ePHPM OCS-ePrP E`nPL``uXPDPFA¸PPA tUO``ulP E`nPL``ulP gPOzA``usPFAE`lP``unPLrP mFZlPz kPPmPF``uHP HPwxPF``ujPLArP gPOzAlPnPL-çpPOLE`tPO 6 usPF×FWvPF ePHPM ePvhPF mFZlPzæhPAsPF udPLKPA yPA``uHP nPLA aÙPOtPOß aAgPOAmPFQ ePkPP dPLSPF``ukPP;
E`HP``uSL÷P utPO``ulPrP ukPPnPLA-uHPcPFA oPF mFZlPzE`nPLNPYbPL kPP``u`rP oPF``upPOLkPP (OPEC) sPFMëPOAP| ePrPA E`kPPÙUO uyP ukPPAnPLoPF sPFmPF``u`bPL wvPOpPOL``u`rPAÀoPLÝ mFZlPzæhPAsPF aTPYhPFQnPL kPP``u`rP E`dPL``utPO pPOLA``u`rP E`HPSL÷PHPAjPLA``u`rP dPLAmPF kPPE`mPF``u`bPL E`dPL``u`bPLP| eP anFUmPFA``unPLrP sPFtPOztPOA mPFAE`kPPYnPL SPFEÀoPLÝ dPLâPLrPoPF ãO÷PQkPPArP kPP``u`rP``uCPFP|

utPO``ulPrP E`HPkPPÜP jüPAlPAnPLQ- sPFÓ÷PìA``unPL:

2007-LçLKPQ``utPO mPFAE`kPPYnPL yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPL umPFAWvPFrPyPA``unPL gPOzA``usPFAE`lPnPL HPzHPhPFA``u`rPrP E`HPEDPF-E`nPLE`dPLYêPL (standard ) E`ëPOrP hPF``u`bPLE`CPFlP gPOzAlPnPL-çpPOLE`tPO 35 mPFAvhPFlP, SPFEÀoPLÝ-ãO÷PE`nPLBPOYrPtPOA ePHPM E`nPLåcPFbPLtPOArP (security) KPAE`tPO``u`rPP| ePrP fPO``ulP, aASPFA kPPrPA yPAbPL 2020 LçLKPQ nPLAgPOAdPL E`dPLnPL-çpPOLE`tPO 1.10 E`mPFE`lPbPLnPL HPzA``u`rPlP utPO``ulPrP sPFA`çLSPFbPL hPF``uHP- yPA pPOLArPsPFz wvPOpPOLsPFAgPOrP uTP``ukPP mPFAE`kPPYnPL yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPLrP HPtPOYmPFAnPL aAmPFdPLAnPLQrP çpPOLAbPL a``uDPFYkPPP| jPLAnPLA dPLrPkPPArP, E`HPEDPF-E`nPLE`dPLYêPL``ukPP aArPoPF tPOAwxPFAtPOAE`wxPF ÞDPFYsPFQmPFAbPL E`nPL``u`bPL yPAHPArP çpPOLyUEÀoPLÝ HPtPOYmPFAnPLP|
mPFAß. yUÀoPLÝrPA``uæFêPLrP pPOLE`rPHPhPFnPL HPzHPëPOA``ukPP E`HPdLUztPOAE`bPLtPO kPPrPA ePHPM nPLAgPOE`rPkPP-pPOLE`rPHPhPFnPLHPzHPëPOA``ukPP uWPOL``ulP sPFAjPLA``unPLA hPF``ulP upPOL``uæWvPFAE`lPbPLA``umPFrP HPzHPhPFArP aArPoPF 50 SPFtPOAM``uSPFrP uHPSPFQ kPP``umPF yPA``uHP, fPO``ulP aAmPFdPLAnPLQrP çpPOL``u`bPLAjPLnPL hPFbPL``utPOA TPAkPP``uHPvhPF nPLA|
'ÂpPFAgPO-vhPFnPL ' sPFMkPPrP umPFAWvPFrP yPAnPL uyPmPFnPL, E`jPL-ePmPF uçpPOLA``uWvPFAWvPFAvhPFpPOL uSPFE`BPO uBPOAÃFWvPF (GM.prototypoe Chevy Volt) yPE`dPL HPAbLU-E`HPdLUzð cPFAE`lPtPO hPFbPL, tPO``uHP tUOlPzmFZlPz-gPOzA``usPFAE`lP``unPLrP (gasoline- equivalent) mFZlPz hPF``uHP gPOzAlPnPL-çpPOLE`tPO mPFAÀeOL` 1 wPOlPArPP|

ædP :
Earth Policy Institute News Release, Septembar 18, 2008 uTP``ukPP ujPLAnPLATPAnPL E`jPL. wPONPY (Jonathan G. Dorn*) E`lPEKPtPO DRILLING IS NOT ANSWER-ePrP sPFhPFjPL anFUHPAdPLP|

anFUHPAdPLkPP: SPFÌPOrP usPFnPL