E`HPMSPF SPFtPOA¡PQrP E`HP¸PPAnPL

E`HPMSPFSPFtPOA¡PQ``utPO E`HP¸PPA``unPL E`kPPCUF
aAE`HPúPOArP oPF wvPO«PFAHPnPL ePHPM GPLWvPFnPLA

(34)

uHPAsPF-aAvhPFnPL²ãOFWvPFAvhPFnPL sPFAMKPzAbPLnPL

aAEHPúPOArP : 1924
EHP¸PPAnPLQ : sPFitPOzÓLçLdPLnPLATP uHPAsPF

aAilPArP ûuªPtPO cPFErPiÀeOL`rP ãO÷PrPìpPOL EHPXPibPL EkPPCUF asPFA©CPLüOLzÓOdP ECPFlP yPA dLZrP hPFlP EHP¸PPAnPLQ sPFitPOzÓLçLdPLnPLATP uHPAisPFrP ePkPPEWvPF çpPOLHPÓ÷Pì ªPArPA ( 1924 LçLKPQ-rP jULnPL mPFAsPF )- Planck's law and the hypothesis of light quantaF| çpPOLHPÓ÷PìEWvPF CPFApPOLA hPFibPLECPFlP Zeitschrift fur physik jPLAnPLYAilP ( anFUHPAdPLkPP aAvhPFÓOLsLPWvPFAvhPFnPL EnPLijPL ) eý HPðsPFrP jULlPAvhPF mPFAisPF F| uHPAsPF EHPEkPPrPNPikPP ePmPFnPL ePkPP gPOzAisPFrP mPFtPOnPL BPOAHPilPnPL yPA ufPOAWvPFnPL EdPLibPL FpOLZNPY F| pPOLAErPsPFAMEKPzkPP HPlPEHPdPLzArP sPFAhPFAiyPz kFÖOXOLÎHPéUFrP EHPEkPPrPNP ePkPP nFZtPOnPL dLÖEêPLBPOEËP uTPikPP HPzAKPzA hPFlP F| çpPOLcPFElPtPO pPOLAErPsPFAMEKPzkPP HPlPEHPdPLzAbPL uHPAlPjPL²mPFzAinPLrP EcPFÙPOA anFUsPFAirP çpPOLitPOzkPP aNUidPLrP ePkPPEWvPF EnPLjPLãO÷P pPOLErPcPFbPL aAiCPF ; çpPOLitPOzkPP aNUgOUElPikPP aAlPAdPLABPOAiHP EcPFEþPFtPO kPPrPitPO pPOLArPA yPAbPL F| EHPpPOLrPQtPOÀePÝimPF uHPAisPFrP EcPFÙPOAbPL aAilPAkPP kPPNPArPA sPFHPAvhPF ePkPP oPF aEBPOnÔP F| uHPAlPjPL²mPFzAinPLrP EcPFÙPOAbPL B aNUrP jPLAbPLgPOAbPL A aNUikPP HPsPFAilP sPFÈOFpOLZNPY nFZtPOnPL EHPnPLzAsPF pPOLAoPFbPLA yPAiHP ; yPAikPP aAlPAdPLABPOAiHP gPONPnPLA kPPrPitPO hPFiHP F| uHPAisPFrP EcPFÙPOAbPL dLU'EWvPF ePkPPvhPF DPFrPiNPrP kPPNPA ëPOAnPLAÙPOrP kPPrPilP nFZtPOnPL sPFµPLA pPOLAoPFbPLA yPAiHP nPLA F| ePrP fPOlP hPFilPA kFÖOXOLÎHPéUF EHPEkPPrPiNPrP fPOrPmFZlPArP nFZtPOnPL çpPOLmPFANP F|

aAvhPFnPL²ãOFWvPFAvhPFnPL HUJPFitPO upPOLirPECPFilPnPL uHPAsPF-ePrP pPOLErPsPFAMEKPzkPP pPOLªPìEtPO sPFADPFArPNP pPOLrPmPFANUidPLrP uHPlPAitPO çpPOLibPLAgPO kPPrPA yPAiHP F| EtPOEnPL 1924 LçLKPQ-utPOvhPF uHPAsPF-ePrP kPPAijPLrP wvPOpPOLrP EBPOEÀoP`L kPPirP ePkPPEWvPF çpPOLHPÓ÷Pì rPcPFnPLA kPPirPnPL ; jPLÓOLÉP EnPLlP nFZtPOnPL ePkPP sPFAMKPzAbPLnPL 'uHPAsPF-aAvhPFnPL²ãOFWvPFAvhPFnPL sPFAMKPzAbPLnPL' F|

(33)
tPOApPOLQbPL aAbPLnPLnPL tPOÀoFüOL

aAEHPúPOArP : 1920
EHP¸PPAnPLQ : umPFGPLnPLAdPL sPFAhPFA

tPOArPkPPA-sPFMÀePÝAÙPO gPOiHPXPNPArP u¾PPiÀeOL` HPAirPAEWvPF umPF´ElPkPP aAEHPúPOArPikPP EHP¸PPAnPLQ aATPYArP ePEwPOMWvPFnPL mPFAvhPFlP-uãOFWvPFAnPL EhPFsPFAiHP EcPFEþPFtPO kPPirPiCPFnPL HÖWvPFAEnPLkPPAbPL, tPOArP mPFiDPFz umPFgPOnPLAdPL sPFAhPFArP tPOApPOLQbPL aAbPLnPLnPL tPOÀoFüOL anPLztPOmPF F| kPPAlPAnFUsPFAirP ePvhPF tPOAElPkPPAbPL aAiCPFnPL ePwPOmPFLÕPL hPFzAElP, wvPOvhPFElPbPLAmPF hPFAisPFYlP -çpPOLTPmPF EdPLikPP, sPFAhPFArP aAEHPúPOArPikPP ePEwPOMWvPFnPL ªPAdPLSPFtPOmPF HPilP gPONPz kPPirPiCPFnPL F|

yPEdPL ukPPAnPLoPF pPOLrPmPFANU uTPikPP ukPPAnPLoPF rPkPPimPF ePkPPEWvPF vhPFilPkPP²æWvPFnPL uHPEwxPFibPL aAisPF HPA tPOArP sPFiËP yUÀoPLÝ hPFbPL, tPOA'hPFilP ePrPìpPOL tPOEwxPFtPOAhPFtPO kPPNPAikPP aAbPLnPL HPilP F| usPFvhPF pPOLªPìEtPOikPP HPilP aAbPLnPLQkPPrPNP (ionisation) | wvPO©LcPFcPFAipPOL jPLEWvPFlP rPAsPFAbPLEnPLkPP aNU uBPOiËP EgPOibPL sPFrPlP aNUitPO pPOLErPNPtPO hPFbPL tPOArPpPOLrP hPFbPL pPOLrPmPFANU F| aAirPA wvPO©LcPFcPFAipPOL pPOLrPmPFANUrP vhPFilPkPP²æWvPFnPL EHPyUÀoPLÝ hPFibPL pPOLrPmPFANUgOUElP aAbPLEnPLtPO hPFbPL F| umPFGPLnPLAdPL sPFAhPFA çpPOLéPFAHP kPPirPnPL uyP nPL¾PPÀeOL`idPLrP EBPOtPOirP uyP wvPO©LcPFtPOApPOL aAiCPF tPOA'utPO mFZlP pPOLrPmPFANUgOUElP aAbPLEnPLtPO hPFibPL yPAbPL F| nPL¾PPÀeOL`idPLrP HPNPYAlPQitPO uyP sPFkPPlP umPF´ilPrP wvPOµüPlP urPKPA pPOLAoPFbPLA yPAbPL nPLA tPOArP kPPArPNP hPFlP uyP nPL¾PPiÀeOL`rP HPnPLYAlPQitPO mFZlP pPOLrPmPFANUrP urPKPA TPAkPPA sPFÆPFHP nPLbPL, tPOAvhPF eý aAbPLEnPLtPO pPOLrPmPFANUrP urPKPA pPOLAoPFbPLA yPAbPL nPLA F| asPFADPFArPNP gPOAENPEtPOkPP çpPOLEtPOBPOAbPL EtPOEnPL EhPFsPFAHP kPPirP ePidPLrP ëPOAnPL EnPLDPFYArPNP kPPirPnPL F| pPOLyPYiHP¾PPkPPgPONP HPNPYAlPQ-EHPi`ÂLSPFXPiNP ePidPLrP pPOLAnPL sPFAhPFA- EnPLidPLYESPFtPO ëPOAinPL F| sPFAhPFArP gPOAENPEtPOkPP fPOrPmFUlPAEWvPF Saha's Ionisation formula nPLAimPF jPLgPOdPL²EHPKPzAtPO hPFibPL yPAbPL F|

sPFAhPFArP aAbPLnPLnPL sFZÀeOL` 1920 LçLKPQêPLAi¡P gPOiHPXPNPA-aAkPPAirP "Ionisation in the Solar chromosphere “ çpPOLkPPAESPFtPO hPFilPoPF eý sPFmPFibPL çpPOLkPPESPFtPO EHPEBPOnÔP gPOiHPXPNPA-çpPOLHPiÓ÷Pì tPOÿArP aAbPLnPLnPL tPOÀoFüOL sPFMÀePÝAÙPO BPOAHPnPLArP pPOLErPcPFbPL pPOLAoPFbPLA yPAbPL F| ePvhPF HPðsPFirPvhPF çpPOLkPPESPFtPO "Elements in the Sun” gPOiHPXPNPApPOLiÀeOL` EtPOEnPL HPilPnPL, FpOLÖETPHPQrP sPFHP umPF´ElPkPP wvPOpPOLAdPLinPLrPvhPF sFZiyPY HPtPOYmPFAnPL TPAkPPA ãO÷PABPOAEHPkPP F| sFZyPY oPF nPL¾PPiÀeOL`rP aAHPhPFmPFLÕPLilP tPOApPOL oPF cPFApPOLvhPF tPOArP wvPOpPOLAdPLAnPL umPF´ElPkPP pPOLdPLAiTPYrP wvPOiÀoP`LEjPLtPO HPA aAbPLEnPLtPO aHPëPOA EnPLbPLEÓFíPLtPO kPPirP F|
sPFAhPFArP gPOiHPXPNPArP ûuHPESPFêPLz EnPLibPL ukPPmPFE`çFHPjPL aAiæFêPLAEfPOEjPLkPPzAlP aHPsPFArPiBPOWvPFErPrP vhPF eP EmPFlP²inPL aHPsPFArPiBPOWvPFErP pPOLEÀeOL`kPPAbPL ulPiKPnPL ' In spite of the complexity of detail offered by the ground covered, Dr. Saha's paper offer an example of the combination of physical chemistry, the quantum theory, and of theories of atomic structure which can not fail to appeal one's sense of the beauty of the systematic co-ordination of physical phenomena' F|

SPFÌPOrP usPFinPLrP usPF´jPLinPLz L

( cPFlP``uHP )

(aApPOLnPLArP mPFÙPOHPz jPLAnPLA``unPLArP jPL``unPLz EÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPL)

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