E`HPMSPF SPFtPOA¡PQrP E`HP¸PPAnPL

E`HPMSPFSPFtPOA¡PQ``utPO E`HP¸PPA``unPL E`kPPCUF
aAE`HPúPOArP oPF wvPO«PFAHPnPL ePHPM GPLWvPFnPLA

( 43 )
cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrP sPFQmPFA

aAEHPúPOArP : 1930 LçLKPQêPLA¡P
EHP¸PPAnPLQ : sFU`çFHPAmPFEnPLbPLnPL cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrP

sFU`çFHPAmPFEnPLbPLnPL cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrP CPFAÀeOL`AHPéPFAbPL EHP¸PPAnPLQ aATPYArP ePEwPOMWvPFinPLrP ulPKPA 'The Internal Constitution of the Stars' HPvhPFEWvPF pPOLiwxPF ujPLzAEtPOpPOLYdPLATPYEHP¸PPAinPL aAkFÖOêPL hPFnPL FF| nPL¾PPÀeOL`idPLrP mPFiDPFz white dwarf HPA uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFnPL anPLzAnPLz nPL¾PPÀeOL`idPLrP uTPikPP aAlPAdPLA FF| aAsPFilP uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFnPL ePkPPEWvPF mFÖtPO nPL¾PPÀeOL` FF| cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPirPrP mPFitPO uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFinPLrP ePvhPF ãO÷PAtPOÓFíPLtPOA ePikPPHPAirP ûumPFElPkPP FF|

uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFinPLrP ãO÷PAtPOiÓFíPLrP kPPTPA çpPOLTPmPF HPilPnPL aArP. ePvhPFcPF. fPOAwvPOlPArP, tPOArP mPFitPO uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFnPLidPLrP aBPOzÙPOirP vhPFilPkPP²æWvPFnPL gPOzAisPFrP GPLnPLñPL ePtPO uHPESPF uyP tPOAikPP ukPPAbPLA×FWvPFAmPF HPlPEHPdPLzArP aAoPFtPOAbPL aAnPLitPO hPFiHP FF| ePKPAnPL uTPikPPvhPF cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPirPrP kPPAjPL SFUrPq, yPArP pPOLErPNPEtPO tPOÿArP EHPrPAWvPF aAEHPúPOArP FF| fPOAwvPOlPAirPrP kPPAijPL EtPOEnPL pPOLElPæWvPFEpPOLrP tPOÀoFüOL uWPOLAkPPAilPnPL FF| tPOiHP ePitPO EtPOEnPL sPFÙUOêPL hPFitPO pPOLArPilPnPL nPLA FF| kPPArPNP uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFinPL EHPrPAjPLmPFAnPL GPLnPLñPL oPF ufPOEmPFY- BPOrPiHPgPO ePtPO uHPESPF hPFiHP uyP aAipPOLE¾PPkPPtPOAHPAidPLrP tPOÀoFüOL HPAdPL EdPLibPL ukPPAnPLoPF kPPAjPL sPFÆPFHP nPLbPL FF| cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFiKPrP udPLKPilPnPL, nPL¾PPiÀeOL`rP aBPOzÙPOirP vhPFilPkPP²æWvPFnPL gPOzAisPFrP GPLnPLñPL sPFsPFQmPF hPFitPO ugPOilP tPOArP asPFQmPF BPOrP TPAkPPiHP FF| cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrP gPOHPXPNPA kPPirP udPLKPAilPnPL,
çpPOLEtPO ePikPPkPP aAbPLinPL BPOirPrP pPOLErPmPFAnPL 1.4 x sFZiyPYrP BPOrP FF|
aTPYzAð yPEdPL ukPPAnPLoPF nPL¾PPÀeOL` sFZiyPYrP ucPFibPL sPFAmPFAnPLz BPOArPQ hPFbPL aArP tPOArP jüPAlPAEnPL fUOLErPibPL ugPOilP yPEdPL sPFÌUOEcPFtPO hPFitPO SFUrPq kPPirP tPOiHP tPOA' tPOtPO¾PPNP pPOLyPYÙPO sPFÌUOEcPFtPO hPFiHP yPtPO¾PPNP nPLA tPOArP HPzAsPFADPFY SFZNPz hPFibPL yPAi©CPF FF| çpPOLEtPO ePikPPkPP aAbPLinPL BPOirPrP ePvhPF pPOLErPmPFAnPLikPP HPlPA hPFbPL 'cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrP sPFQmPFA' FF|

uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFinPLrPA mFÖtPO nPL¾PPÀeOL` FF| tPOAidPLrP EBPOtPOrPkPPArP ukPPÓLçLdPLQnPL jüPAlPAEnPL EnPLßiSPFXP hPFibPL ugPOiCPF FF| eP DPFrPiNPrP nPL¾PPiÀeOL` mPFADPFzAkPPXPYNP çpPOLADPFAnPLz pPOLAbPL FF| sPFnPLAtPOnPLQ pPOLdPLATPY EHP¸PPAnPL anFUyPAbPLQ ePvhPF mPFADPFzAkPPXPYnPL -jPLEnPLtPO sPFiÌPOAcPFnPLikPP HPADPFA udPLHPArP ukPPwvPO unPLvhPF FF| 1927 LçLKPQ-utPO fPOAwvPOlPArP HPlPilPnPL nPL¾PPiÀeOL`rP EBPOtPOirP ePkPPEWvPF HPilPrP aEéPFñPL aAiCPF yPA' HPEhPFmFUYKPQ FF| uãO÷PtPOHPAmPFnPL KLUHP GPLnPL hPFibPL ugPOilP ePvhPF HPlP sPFEÀePÝbPL hPFibPL oPFiVPF FF| ePvhPF HPlPvhPF nPL¾PPiÀeOL`rP FpOLZNPY sPFiÌPOAcPFnPL HPÓ÷Pì kPPirP FF| ePkPPTPA çpPOLmPFANP kPPrPitPO EgPOibPL fPOAwvPOlPArP aAipPOLE¾PPkPPtPOAHPAdPL-HPEjPLYtPO ukPPAbPLA×FWvPFAmPF pPOLErPsPFMKPzAnPL HPA ufPOEmPFY-EwPOrPAkPP sPFAMKPzAbPLNP kPPAijPL lPAgPOAilPnPL FF| cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrP tPOiÀoFüOLrP mPFiDPFz aAipPOLE¾PPkPPtPOAHPAdPL sPFMyUÀoPLÝ kPPrPilPnPL FF| EtPOEnPL udPLKPAilPnPL ePkPPEWvPF sPFQmPFAnPLArP pPOLrP aABPOzÙPOrPQNP HPEhPFmFUYKPQ HPlP HPzAsPFADPFY SFZNPz hPFibPL yPAHPArP HPzApPOLArPEWvPFikPP aAWvPFkPPAitPO pPOLAirP nPLA FF|
cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrP tPOiÀoFüOLrP pPOLrPQ¾PPAmFZlPkPP çpPOLmPFANP aAjPL ainPLkPP pPOLAoPFbPLA ugPOiCPF FF| tPOiHP çpPOLTPimPF kFUOvhPFpPOLArP uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFnPL ( Kuiper's white dwarf )- ePrP pPOLrPQ¾PPAlP¢Pì fPOilPrP sPFiËP cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPirPrP gPONPnPLA EmPFilP yPAbPL FF| aEcPFirPvhPF uHPAJPFA ugPOlP cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrP ukPPHPlP uSL÷PtPOHPAmPFinPLrP wvPOðpPOLEÀoP`L HPzAKPzA kPPirPiCPFnPL tPOA' nPLbPL cPFrPmPF tPOApPOL oPF cPFAipPOL HPéUFrP aHPëPOA sPFÈ÷PiÓ÷Pì ePkPP nFZtPOnPL EdPLgPOÙPO wvPOiÓOLÉPAcPFnPL kPPirPiCPFnPL FF|

ePvhPF aAEHPúPOAirPrP pPOLÏPOASPF HPðsPFrP pPOLrP cPFÓLçLdPLiSPFKPrPikPP unPLAiHPlP FpOLUrPúPOAirP BZOEXPtPO kPPrPA hPFbPL FF|

SPFÌPOrP usPFnP L

( cPFlP``uHP )

(aApPOLnPLArP mPFÙPOHPz jPLAnPLA``unPLArP jPL``unPLz EÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPL)

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