E`HPMSPF SPFtPOA¡PQrP E`HP¸PPAnPL

E`HPMSPFSPFtPOA¡PQ``utPO E`HP¸PPA``unPL E`kPPCUF
aAE`HPúPOArP oPF wvPO«PFAHPnPL ePHPM GPLWvPFnPLA

(9)
'EmPFwvPOiWvPFSPFnPL' tPOÀoFüOL

aAEHPúPOArP : 1901 LçLKPQêPLA¡P
EHP¸PPAnPLQ : hUFigPOA EwPO ¦AvhPFsPF

jPLQiHPrP HPMSPFHÖEªPìrP EHPXPbPL gPOBPOQrP BPOAiHP EcPFÙPOA kPPirP wPOArPwvPOvhPFnPL ePinPLECPFilPnPL EHPHPtPOYnPLHPAdPL F| ePvhPF mPFtPOHPAidPL pPOLSFUpPOLAEKP, gPOACPFpPOLAlPA ePHPM kPPQWvPFpPOLtPOËP tPOAidPLrP mFÖtUOzrP aAigPO yPA' HPAÿcPFiHP tPOArP ucPFibPL ainPLkPP uHPESPF sPFÙPOAnPLsPFÙPOEtPO sFÖEêPL kPPrPiHP F| ePrP fPOlP`çLSPFqEtPO EhPFsPFAiHP wPOArPwvPOvhPFnPL HPlPilPnPL uyP uyPihPFtUO çpPOLANPQidPLrP ÀePÝmPFAgPOtPO HPMSPFHÖEªPì hPFiHP tPOArPjPLnPLz tPOAidPLrP mPFiDPFz aAhPFArP, aA`çLSPFbPL oPF ãO÷PAiëPOzrP jPLnPLz ulPigPO TPAkPPiHP EnPLrPÙPOrP yUªPì F| ePrP uTPikPP aAsPFilPA tPOÿArP mPFtPOHPAdPL- uyPAgPOztPOimPFrP EWvPFikPP TPAkPPA ( 'sPFArPBPOAvhPFBPOAlP afPO dPLA EfPOiWvPFãOFWvPF' ) tPOÀoFüOL F|
wPOArPwvPOvhPFinPLrP ePvhPF aEtPO DPFQrP pPOLdPLi¾PPipPOL çpPOLAkFÖOEtPOkPP EnPLHPYAcPFinPLrP tPOÀoFüOLikPP ainPLikPP FpOLUirPAFpOLUErP ãOFWvPFEhPFkPP HPilP mPFAnPLitPO nPLArPAjPL ECPFilPnPL F| ainPLkPP pPOLrPQ¾PPA-EnPLrPQ¾PPA SFUrPq hPFlP F| hUFigPOA EwPO ¦AvhPFsPF nPLAimPF ePkPPjPLnPL EHP¸PPAnPLQ aÜP sPFmPFibPLrP mPFiDPFz kPPtPOkPPgOUElP wvPOE«PFdPL sFÖEêPL kPPirP sPFkPPlPikPP cPFmPFikPP EdPLilPnPL F| EwPO ¦AvhPFisPFrP mPFitPO jPLQHPjPLgPOitPO ÀePÝmPFEHPHPtPOYnPL hPFitPO hPFAjPLArP HPðsPFrP lPAigPO nPLA F| aAcPFmPFkPPA pPOLErPHPtPOYinPLrP fPOilP jPLQHPjPLgPOitPO aASFU pPOLErPHPtPOYnPL sPFÆPFHP F| ePvhPF aAkPPEãPFÉPkPP pPOLErPHPtPOYinPLrP EHPXPbPLikPPvhPF HPlPA hPFi©CPF 'EmPFwvPOiWvPFSPFnPL' HPA pPOLErPHPzEÀoPLÝ F| ãO÷PtPOßçpPOLsFZtPO aAkPPEãPFÉPkPP pPOLErPHPtPOYnPL GPLWvPFAinPLArP jPLnPLz EHP¸PPAnPLQrPA pPOLrPQ¾PPA-EnPLrPQ¾PPA SFUrPq kPPirP EdPLilPnPL pPOLErPiHPiSPFrP aHPëPOA HPdPLlP kPPirP, wvPOXOLÎ oPF ûuSPFtPOz ePvhPF dLU'rPkPPimPFrP aAHPhPFAoPFbPLA jPLQHPjPLÙUrP HPMSPFAnFUÀePÝEmPFkPP ukPPAnPLoPF ëPOAbPLQ pPOLErPHPtPOYnPL aAinPL EkPPnPLA F| ePvhPF EHPXPibPL mPFAECPF EnPLibPL mPFgPOYAinPLrP ûuHP¸PPAEnPLkPP pPOLrPQ¾PPA KLUHPvhPF gOUrPqñPLFpOLZNPY F|
EwPO ¦AvhPFsPF EmPFwvPOiWvPFSPFnPL EHPXPibPL tPOÿArP gPOiHPXPNPA ElPEpPOLHPªPì kPPirPnPL Die Mutationstheorie (1901-03) jPLAnPLYAilP F| FpOLUrPAiNPA tPOTPz GPLAWvPFitPO EgPOibPL EtPOEnPL umPFiLÕPLlP-ePrP 1866 LçLKPQ-utPO mPFWvPFrP SFUEWvPF-rP wvPOpPOLrP gPOiHPXPNPArP tPOTPz jPLAnPLitPO pPOLAirPnPL ; ePHPM tPOAÿrP pPOLrPHPtPOYQ ulPKPAbPL EtPOEnPL umPFiLÕPLlPikPP HPMSPFgPOEtPOrP sFZiÀeOL`rP aAEHPúPOArPkPP EHPsPFAiHP wvPOi`ÂlPKP kPPrPitPO kPPKPnPLoPF uBPOAilPnPLEnPL F|

( 10 )
hPFrPimPFAnPL

aAEHPúPOArP : 1902 LçLKPQêPLA¡P
EHP¸PPAnPLQªPbPL : aAinPLYãOFWvPF éPFArPElPM oPF wvPOvhPFElPbPLAmPF uHPElPsPF

HÖEWvPFSPF EHP¸PPAnPLQªPbPL aAinPLYêPL ãOFWvPFArPElPM oPF wvPOvhPFElPbPLAmPF uHPElPsPF- ePvhPF dLUvhPF EHPSL÷PKPzAtPO SPFrPQrPEHP¸PPAnPLQidPLrP sPFkPPilP mPFinPL rPAKPiHP rPÀoPLÝ-sPFMHPhPFnPL-EHPXPbPLkPP SPFrPQrPEHP¸PPAnPL ePHPM hÖFðEpPOLLÕPL oPF sPFHPYAipPOL¾PPA ¾UædP rPÀoPLÝnPLAlPQrP mPFiDPFz jPLEWvPFlP sPFÈ÷PÓ÷Pì-eP aHPdPLAinPLrP jPLnPLz F| EkPPÙU ePidPLrP ePkPPjPLinPLrP ePkPPEWvPF aAEHPúPOAirPrP tPOAðpPOLyPY ainPLkPP uHPESPF sFUdLZrPçpPOLsPFArPQ F|
dLU'jPLnPL ePkPPiÀeOL` aAEHPúPOArP kPPirPECPFilPnPL ukPPAnPL kPPArPiNP KPAdPLz ¾UædP-aiÓFíPL çpPOLiHPSPF kPPrPilP pPOLErPpPOLAkPPçLgPFEÚPF uTPikPP ¾PPrPNP hPFbPL F| ePvhPF aAEHPúPOArP uTPikPPvhPF uHPErPibPL aAisPF 'hPFimPFAYnPL' HPA çLgPFEÚPFrPsPF kPPTPAEWvPF -yPA pPOLAHPlPiBPOrP oPFiHPlP çpPOLAvhPFjPLjPLyPQ gPOiHPXPNPAbPL ePkPPEWvPF '¦AE×FWvPF' udPLEKPibPL udPLbPLF| pPOLAHPlPiBPOrP gPOiHPXPNPA anFUsPFAirP agLÔPzASPFbPL HPA pPOLAcPFnPLçLgPFEÚPF (Pancreas) uTPikPP pPOLErPpPOLAkPP-¾PPrPNP EnPLbPLEÓFíPLtPO hPFbPL sPFÈOFpOLZNPYrPìipPOL sÔPAbLUikPPiÓLçLdPLrP (Nrevous Syatem)ªPArPA F| ãOFWvPFArPElPM oPF uHPElPsPF ePkPPEWvPF rPAsPFAbPLEnPLkPP pPOLdPLATPYikPP aAlPAdPLA kPPrPitPO sPF¾PPmPF hPFilPnPL yPArP nPLAmPF EdPLilPnPL 'EsPFiÀePÝEWvPFnPL' (Secretine), yPA' agLÔPASPFibPLrP ¾PPrPNPikPP SFUrPq kPPirP, ePmPFnPLEkPP yPKPnPL aAiSPFpPOLAiSPFrP sÔPAbLUidPLrP sPFErPibPL unPLoPFbPLA hPFyP, tPOKPnPLoPF F| ePkPPvhPF ¾PPrPNP hPFitPO udPLKPA yPAbPL yPKPnPL ePkPPEWvPF vhPFnPLijPLkPPSPFnPL ªPArPA a¸PPAnPL-kFUOkFUOrPikPP EsPFiÀePÝEWvPFnPL anFUEHPªPì hPFrPA hPFbPL F|

ulPKPkPP: Stuart M. Smith
defining moments in SCIENCE, pp 29

SPFÌPOrP usPFinPLrP usPF´jPLinPLz L

( cPFlP``uHP )

(aApPOLnPLArP mPFÙPOHPz jPLAnPLA``unPLArP jPL``unPLz EÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPL)

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