CPFEHPrP
iKPAÿjPL
[uwPOWvPFAiHPsPFEWvPF nPLtUOnPL sPFABPOYAirP aAnPLArP pPOLrP kPPAjPL kPPrPiCPF nPLAFF| aAmPFrPA sPFmPFsPFzAWvPFArP sPFmPFADPFAnPL kPPrPArP ucPFêPLA kPPrPECPFFF| aApPOLnPLAidPLrP asFUEHPDPFArP jPLinPLz dLU:EKPtPOFF|]
HPAMlPA
cPFlPE©LcPFÀeOL` sPFÈOLpPOLikPPY nPLAnPLAnPL
tPOTPz ePKPAinPL aApPOLnPLArPA pPOLAiHPnPLP| iyP
cPFlPE©LcPFiÀeOL`rP (HPA
cPFlPE©LcPFÀeOL`gOUElPrP) EHPXPibPL aApPOLEnPL
jPLAnPLitPO cPFAnPL, tPOArP iKPAÿjPL aApPOLEnPL
EHPEBPOnÔP BPOAiHP kPPrPitPO pPOLArPiHPnPLP| iyPmPFnPL,
CPFEHP mFUEÀoPLÝrP tPOAErPKP, ESPFÜPQ HPA
kPPlPAkFUOSPFlPQrP nPLAmPF, EkPP DPFrPiNPrP CPFEHP, aTPHPA
CPFEHPrP nPLAmPF - ePvhPF cPFArPEWvPFrP iyP ikPPAinPLA
ePkPPEWvPF tPOTPz EdPLibPL tPOArP sPFiËP
yUÀoPLÝ yPtPOgOUElP HPAMlPA CPFEHP aAiCPF - tPOArP
ePkPPEWvPF tPOAElPkPPA aApPOLEnPL ipPOLitPO pPOLAirPnPLP|
aAHPArP ePvhPF tPOAElPkPPA-BUOÀoPLÝ iyP-ikPPAnPLoPF
CPFEHP sPFÈOLpPOLikPPY aArPoPF EHPéPFAErPtPO tPOTPz
isPFvhPF CPFEHPrP wvPOpPOLrP E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPilPvhPF
aApPOLEnPL ipPOLibPL yPAiHPnPLP|
ePvhPF iKPAÿjPL
kPPrPArP jPLinPLzoPF aAHPArP dLUEWvPF wvPOpPOLAbPL aAiCPFP|
EnPLicPF dLUEWvPF wvPOpPOLAbPLLvhPF HPNPYnPLA kPPrPA hPFlPP|
aApPOLnPLArPA EnPLijPLidPLrP pPOLCPFÓOdPmPFtPO
wvPOpPOLAbPLEWvPF HPzHPhPFArP kPPrPqnPLP|
EHPiSPFXP ædPêPLHPz: ePvhPF
tPOTPzBPOALÕPLAirP HPtPOYmPFAinPL 1931 sPFAlP iTPikPP
1960 sPFAlP pPOLyPYÙPO (mPFiDPFz 1949, 1950 oPF 1951
HPAdPL) mFUEÀoPLÝçpPOLAâPL HPAMlPA
CPFEHPrP KPHPrPKPHPrP aAiCPF|
çpPOLTPmPF wvPOpPOLAbPL:
CPFEHP
mFUEÀoPLÝrP tPOAErPKP
uTP``ukPP
sPFMikPPtPO: wvPOpPOLirPrP
HP½PEWvPFitPO vhPFMirPEjPLitPO HPCPFrPEWvPF ElPKLUnPLP|
1931 sPFAilPrP CPFEHPrP iKPAÿjPL cPFAvhPFilP
WvPFAvhPFpPOL kPPrPqnPL 1931| tPOArPpPOLrP iKPAÿjPL-ePrP wvPOpPOLrP
E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPLP|
L
LESPFÜPQ HPA kPPlPAkFUOSPFlPQLrP
nPLAmPF
hPFrP``ufPOrP
E`VPFkPP oPFpPOL``u`rP aAHPArP EÂFkPPkPP
kPPrPqnPL
a |
aA |
vhPF |
I |
wvPO |
Þ |
R |
eP |
eý |
oPF |
oFý |
kPP |
KP |
gPO |
GPL |
cPF |
CPF |
jPL |
JPF |
WvPF |
VPF |
wPO |
wxPF |
WPO |
WLxPO |
NP |
tPO |
TP |
dPL |
DPF |
nPL |
pPOL |
fPO |
HP |
BPO |
mPF |
yP |
bP |
rP |
lP |
SP |
XP |
sPF |
hPF |
|
sPFMikPPtPO: nPLAimPFrP aAdPLzA¾PPirPrP
wvPOpPOLrP E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPLP| ePHPArP ePkPPEWvPF
nPLtUOnPL pPOLAtPOAbPL nPLAimPFrP iyP tPOAElPkPPA pPOLAiHPnPL
- isPFKPAinPL aApPOLnPLArP pPOLCPFÓOdPsPFvhPF
nPLAimPFrP wvPOpPOLirP E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPilP
tPOÿArP sPFÈOLpPOLikPPY EHPéPFAErPtPO jPLAnPLitPO
pPOLArPiHPnPLP|
CPFEHPrP nPLAmPF
hPFrP``ufPOrP
E`VPFkPP oPFpPOL``u`rP aAHPArP EÂFkPPkPP
kPPrPqnPL
a |
aA |
vhPF |
I |
wvPO |
Þ |
R |
eP |
eý |
oPF |
oFý |
kPP |
KP |
gPO |
GPL |
cPF |
CPF |
jPL |
JPF |
WvPF |
VPF |
wPO |
wxPF |
WPO |
WLxPO |
NP |
tPO |
TP |
dPL |
DPF |
nPL |
pPOL |
fPO |
HP |
BPO |
mPF |
yP |
bP |
rP |
lP |
SP |
XP |
sPF |
hPF |
|
sPFMikPPtPO: nPLAimPFrP
aAdPLzA¾PPirPrP wvPOpPOLrP E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPLP|
ePHPArP ePkPPEWvPF nPLtUOnPL pPOLAtPOAbPL CPFEHPrP iyP
tPOAElPkPPA pPOLAiHPnPL - isPFKPAinPL aApPOLnPLArP
pPOLCPFÓOdPsPFvhPF CPFEHPrP wvPOpPOLirP E`ÂFkPPkPP
kPPrPilP, isPFvhPF CPFEHP sPFÈOLpPOLikPPY
EHPéPFAErPtPO jPLAnPLitPO
pPOLArPiHPnPLP|
EkPP
DPFrPiNPrP CPFEHP
sPFMikPPtPO: wvPOpPOLirP EnPLmÔ`OLmFUKPQ
tPOQrPEcPFiþPF E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPilP ePkPPEWvPF
ElPãOFWvPF pPOLAiHPnPLP| isPFKPAnPL iTPikPP
pPOLCPFÓOdPsPFvhPF EHPXPibPLrP wvPOpPOLrP
E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPirP iKPAÿjPL-ePrP wvPOpPOLrP
E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPLP|
EªPtPOQbPL
wvPOpPOLAbPL:
aApPOLEnPL yPA
KLUÿjPLiCPFnPL isPFEWvPF 'irPAmPFAnPLAvhPFjPLwPO
HPAMlPA' kPPLirP (EnPLbPLmPFgOUElP oPF wvPOdPLAhPFrPNP
idPLKLUnPL) EnPLicPFrP dLUEWvPF HPi½PrP
EªPtPOQbP HPi½P WvPFAvhPFpPOL kPPLirP, tPOArPpPOLrP
iKPAÿjPL-eP E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPLrPqnPLP|
(aApPOLEnPL EkPP tPOTPz
EdPLibPL iKPAÿjPL kPPrPiCPFnPL isPFEWvPF aAigPO
jPLAnPLAilP KLUÿjPLitPO kPPmPF sPFmPFbPL lPAgPOiHPP|
isPFEWvPF jPLAnPLAitPO igPOilP çpPOLTPimPF wvPOpPOLirPrP
HPi½PrP tPOQrPEcPFiþPF E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPLP|
ePHPArP iyP tPOAElPkPPAEWvPF pPOLAiHPnPL - isPFKPAinPL
aApPOLnPLArP tPOiTPzrP EHPXPbPLEWvPFitPO E`ÂFkPPkPP
kPPrPqnPLP| ePHPArP EnPLicPFrP HPi½P tPOTPzEWvPF
WvPFAvhPFpPOL kPPirP iKPAÿjPL E`ÂFkPPkPP
kPPrPqnPLP|)
'irPAmPFAnPLAvhPFjPLwPO
HPAMlPA'-rP EnPLbPLmPFgOUElP imPFinPL ePvhPF wvPOpPOLAibPL
aApPOLEnPL aApPOLnPLArP iKPAÿjPL aArPoPF
sFZ¿PBPOAiHP kPPrPitPO pPOLAirPnPL| iyPmPFnPL,
aApPOLEnPL yPEdPL cPFAnPL ikPPAnPL ikPPAnPL CPFEHPitPO
wvPOÀoP`LmPFkFUOmPFArP oPF sFUEcPFÀeOL`A isPFnPL
aEBPOnPLbPL kPPirPiCPFnPL, tPOAhPFilP oPFÿidPLrP
çpPOLTPmPF nPLAmPFWvPFA 'irPAmPFAnPLAvhPFjPLwPO
HPAMlPA'-rP EnPLbPLmPF imPFinPL WvPFAvhPFpPOL kPPrPiHPnPL
ePHPM dLUiWvPFA nPLAimPFrP mPFiDPFz ePkPPEWvPF
space EdPLibPL &
a¾PPrPEWvPF
ElPKPiHPnPL| ePi¾PPiÀeOL` isPFEWvPF
hPFiHP, suchitraa & uttam
| aApPOLEnPL yPEdPL isPFvhPF CPFEHPgOUElP
cPFAnPL, iyPKPAinPL wvPOÀoP`LmPFkFUOmPFArP,
sFUEcPFÀeOL`A isPFnPL oPF EHPkPPASPF rPAbPL -
EtPOnPLjPLinPLvhPF aEBPOnPLbPL kPPirPiCPFnPL, tPOAhPFilP
aApPOLEnPL WvPFAvhPFpPOL kPPrPiHPnPL,suchitraa & uttam
& bikaash |
"irPAmPFAnPLAvhPFjPLwPO HPAMlPA" kPPrPArP
EnPLbPLmPF
a
a
|
aA aa |
vhPF
i
|
I
ee
|
wvPO
u
|
Þ
oo
|
R
Ri
|
eP
e
|
eý
oi
|
oPF
o
|
oFý ou
|
kPP
k
|
KP
kh
|
gPO
g
|
GPL
gh
|
cPF
ch
|
CPF
chh
|
jPL
j
|
JPF
jh
|
WvPF
T
|
VPF
Th
|
wPO
D
|
wxPF
Rh
|
WPO
Dh
|
WLxPO
RH
|
NP
N
|
tPO
t
|
TP
th
|
dPL
d
|
DPF
dh
|
nPL
n
|
pPOL
p
|
fPO
f
|
HP
b
|
BP
bh
|
mPF
m
|
yP
y
|
bP
Y
|
rP
r
|
lP
l
|
S
sh
|
XP
S
|
sPF
s
|
hPF
h
|
|
wvPOdPLAhPFrPNP
sPFADPFArPNPtPO vhPFMirPjPLQitPO iyPmPFnPLEWvPF
nPLAmPFDPFAmPF ElPEKP, itPOmPFnPLvhPF ElPKPitPO
hPFiHPP| amal
- amPFlP, bijan - EHPjPLnPL, subal basu @-
sFUHPlP HPsFU, vhPFtPOzAEdPLP| HPAMlPAbPL
capital
letter@
HPilP EkPPLLCUF
inPLvhPFP| Subal
ElPKPilP isPFWvPFA
HPAMlPAbPL dPLÿAwxPFAiHP XUHPlPP|
vhPFMirPjPLQ
ilPKPAbPL æhPãO÷P-dPLQGPLY EHPcPFArPWvPFA
pPOLAVPFikPPLrP -- ElPEKP bithi,
banani -- EkPPÙUO cPFAvhPF HPQETP, HPnPLAnPLQ
(beethi, banaanee)@P| aAmPFAidPLrP EtPOnPLiWvPF sPF-kPPArP SPF
,XP, sPF: sh, S,
sP| HPhUF
anFUnPLAEsPFkPP - ÊPF, eOÎ
, NP, nPL mPF, M,
ÿ --
n^, n~, N, n, m, ng,
M, vhPFtPOzAEdPLP|
pPOLASPFApPOLAESPF HPzÑPnPLHPNPY
yUÀoPLÝ kPPrPA igPOilP,
yUÀoPLÝA¾PPrP hPFibPL yPAiHP;
iyPmPFnPL, aml -
a`ÂLmLPL, basti
- HPEéPF,
klik
- E`ÂFkPPkPPP| yUÀoPLÝA¾PPrP
nPLA cPFAvhPFilP mPFiDPFz ePkPPEWvPF ãO÷PrPHPNPY
EdPLitPO hPFiHP (EnPLidPLnPL a@),
iyPmPFnPL amal hPFlP amPFlP, basati
- HPsPFEtPO,
kalik - kPPElPkPP, vhPFtPOzAEdPLP|
yUÀoPLÝ hPFbPL nPLA ePmPFnPL HPNPY
hPFlP yPTPA - gRh
gPOwxPFP| EkPPÙUO
ePWvPFA gaRh
ElPKPitPO hPFiHPP| EkPPLCUF
yUÀoPLÝA¾PPrP HPAMlPAbPL cPFilP nPLA:
gunDaa - gOUnPLwPOA, hPFoPFbPLA wvPOEcPFtPO
guNDaa@ -
gOULÕPLAP|@
dLUiWvPFA
ãO÷PrPHPNPYoPF pPOLASPFApPOLAESPF TPAkPPitPO
pPOLAirP: ePvhPFHPArP, oPvhPFKPAinPL,mFUEnPLREXPP|
EªPtPOQbPL ãO÷PrPHPNPYEWvPF HPiwxPFA
hPFAitPOrP : eIbaar, oIkhaane; muniRISi;
aTPYAð -
ûiHPHPAEhPFkPP boibaahik,
EkPPÙUO
HPvhPFHPAEhPFkPP baIbaahikP| KPLÕPL ð, hPFsPFÙPO
aArP cPFÓLçLdPEHPÓOdLU ainPLkPPWvPFA
ãO÷PrPHPiNPYrP mPFtPO: jPLgPOðtPOArPN,
WvUFkPP²WvUFikPP,kPPÿhPFA - jagat^taaraN, Tuka`Tuke,
kMahaaP|
yP-fPOlPAbPL
sPFAmPFAnPLz sPFtPOkPPYtPOA: aAyPY - aary, EkPPÙUO rPzAikPPWvPF r^yaakeT (^-WvPFA HPAwxPFEtPO)P| itPOmPFEnPL
ePzAEÁPOM - e^yaakTing, azAÁPOrP a^yaakaTarP|
sPFhPFAEbPLkPPA:
1) isPFAnPLArP dPLAgPO - igPO´rPAËPçpPOLsPFAdPL iGPLAXP,
iyPAgPOmPFAbPLA çpPOLkPPASPFnPLQ, kPPlPkPPAtPOA, 1982
2) HPAMlPA cPFlPE©LcPFiÀeOL`rP vhPFEtPOhPFAsPF - çpPOLNPHP
kFUOmPFArP EHPSL÷PAsPF, sPFmPFkPPAlP çpPOLkPPASPFnPLQ, kPPlPkPPAtPOA,
1368
3) Bengali
Film Directory – edited by Ansu Sur, Nandan, Calcutta, 1999
4) 70 years of Indian Cinemaa –
edited by T.N. Ramachandran, Cinemaa India International, Bombay, 1985
5) A Pictorial History of Indian
Cinema – Firoj Rangogoonwalla, The Hamlyn Publishing Group, Lonodn,
1979
6) Encycopedia of Indian Cinema
– Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen, Oxfor University Press, New
Delhi, 1994
7) Various Internet sources
(aApPOLnPLArP
mPFÙPOHPz jPLAnPLA``unPLArP jPL``unPLz EÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPL)
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