Bankimchandra Chatterjee

HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL cPFiôPOApPOLADPFzAbPL (1838-94 LçLKPQ)

1838 LçLKPQêPLAi¡PrP 26 jULnPL cPFE¢PSPF pPOLrPgPONPArP aÙPOgPOYtPO kPPÿAVPFAlPpPOLAwxPFA çLgPFAimPF HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL cPFiôPOApPOLADPFzAbPL jPLÓOLÉPçLgPFhPFNP kPPirPnPL| aAvhPFnPL pPOLwxPFHPArP jPLnPLz içpPOLEsPFiwPOEÓOLsLP kPPilPijPL BPOEtPOY hPFnPL ePHPM 1857 LçLKPQêPLAi¡P isPFKPAnPL iTPikPP çpPOLTPmPF EHPBPOAigPO ePnPLæWvPFAÓOLsLP pPOLrPQ¾PPA pPOLASPF kPPirPnPL| 1858 LçLKPQêPLAi¡P nPLtUOnPL ëPOAEpPOLtPO kPPElPkPPAtPOA EHPSL÷PEHPdPLzAlPibPLrP çpPOLTPmPF EHP. eP. pPOLrPQ¾PPAbPL HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL EªPtPOQbPL EHPBPOAigPO çpPOLTPmPF ëPOAnPL aEDPFkPPArP kPPirPnPL| aAvhPFnPL pPOLwxPFA iSPFXP hPFoPFbPLArP aAigPOvhPF yPiSPFAirPrP iwPOFpOLUEWvPF mPFzAEjPLiãOFWvPFWvPF oPF iwPOFpOLUEWvPF kPPAilPÁPOirPrP cPFAkPPErP pPOLAnPL| itPOEÀeOL`SPF HPCPFrP sPFrPkPPAErP cPFAkPPErP kPPrPArP pPOLrP 1891 LçLKPQêPLAi¡PrP 14 isPFiàLWvPFÈ÷PrP HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL aHPsPFrP çLgPFhPFNP kPPirPnPL| 1894 LçLKPQêPLAi¡PrP 8 ePEçpPOLlP tPOÿArP mFÖtUOz hPFbPL|

HPEÌPOmPFcPFiÓLçLdPLrP jPLQHPnPL dPLQGPLY nPLbPL, tPOArPvhPF mPFiDPFz tPOÿArP sPFAEhPFtPOz sPFADPFnPLA EHPãPFÉPbPLkPPrP| hUFgPOElP kPPilPijPL CPFAÀeOL` jPLQHPinPL EtPOEnPL ISL÷PrPcPFÓLçLdPL gOUiâPLrP rPcPFnPLArP aAdPLiSPFY 'sPFMHPAdPL çpPOLBPOAkPPirP' oPF 'sPFMHPAdPL sPFADFUrPÑPinPL' gPOdPLz, pPOLdPLz ElPKPitPOnPL| 42 HPCPFirPrP sPFAEhPFtPOzsPFADPFnPLA tPOÿArP CPFAÀeOL`jPLQHPnPL, kPPmPFYjPLQHPnPL, iSPFXPjPLQHPnPL pPOLyPYÙPO HPzAâPL ECPFlP| 'dLUigPOYSPFnPLEÓOdPnPLQ' wvPOpPOLnPLzAisPFrP sPFiËP sPFiËP tPOÿArP sPFAEhPFtPOz jPLQHPinPLrP aArPÆPF| ePvhPF wvPOpPOLnPLzAsPF EdPLibPLvhPF HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL ePkPP nPLtUOnPL EdPLgPOÙPO KLUilP DPFrPilPnPL| HPAÊPFAlPQrP irPAmPFAEÓFWvPFkPP sPFÀoP`LArP ePkPP nPLtUOnPL jPLAgPOrPNP GPLWvPFilPA HPEÌPOmPFcPFiÓLçLdPLrP rPcPFnPLArP EtPOnPLEWvPF wvPOpPOLnPLzAsPF EdPLibPL- 'dLUigPOYSPFnPLEÓOdPnPLQ' (1865 LçLKPQ), 'kPPpPOLAlPkFUOLÕPLlPA' (1866 LçLKPQ), ePHPM 'mFÖNPAElPnPLQ' (1869 LçLKPQ)|

HPEÌPOmPFcPFiÓLçLdPLrP mPFDPFzyUigPOrP rPcPFnPLAbPL idPLKPA yPAbPL isPF´ÓOdPyPY oPF ilPAkPPESPF¾PPArP EmPFlPnPL| iSPFXP yUigPO ilPAkPPESPF¾PPArP çpPOLADPFAnPLz| HPEÌPOmPFcPFiÓLçLdPLrP çpPOLEtPOBPOArP iSPFXP pPOLyPYAibPL FpOLZNPYBPOAiHP çpPOLkPPASPF ipPOLlP ãO÷PAidPLESPFkPPtPOA oPF anFUSPFQlPnPL DPFimPFYrP HPzAKPzA| idPLiSPFrP rPAæFêPLQbPL, jPLAtPOQbPL, DPFmPFYQbPL, sPFAmPFAEjPLkPP oPF ESPF¾PPAmFZlPkPP wvPOnÔPEtPOrP sPFHP rPkPPmPF çpPOLbPLAisPF EtPOEnPL aEHPrPAmPF ilPKPnPLQ cPFAlPnPLA kPPirPiCPFnPL| HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL ikPPHPlPmPFAÀeOL` sPFAEhPFEtPOzkPP HPA ilPKPkPP nPLnPL, wvPOpPOLrPÙUO EtPOEnPL yUgPO`çLsLPLêPLA| eýEtPOhPFAEsPFkPP, irPAmPFAEÓFWvPFkPP, pPOLAErPHPAErPkPP - ePvhPF EtPOnPL DPFArPAbPL wvPOðsPFAErPtPO HPEÌPOmPFcPFiÓLçLdPLrP aAKPzAnPLgOUElP sPFmPFsPFAmPFEbPLkPP oPF pPOLrPHPtPOYQ sPFAEhPFtPOz oPF jPLQHPinPLrP oPFpPOLrP apPOLErPsPFQmPF çpPOLBPOAHP EHPéPFArP kPPirPiCPF| HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL sPFÈOLpPOLikPPY EHPéPFAErPtPO jPLAnPLitPO hPFilP ePvhPFKPAinPL E`ÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPL|

HPzAËP kPPirP iHPSPF EkPPCUF hPFAlPkPPA ilPKPAoPF HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL ElPiKPiCPFnPL| ePyUigPOrP pPOLAVPFkPPrPA isPFgOUElP kPPtPOWvPFA wvPOpPOLiBPOAgPO kPPrPiHPnPL HPlPA SPFÀoPLÝ| sPFmPFibPLrP sPFiËP sPFiËP aAmPFAidPLrP EcPFÙPOADPFArPA, rPqEcPF oPF mFZlPziHPAiDPFrP ainPLkPP pPOLErPHPtPOYnPL GPLiWvPFiCPF| ePvhPF mPFÙPOHPz nPLQicPFrP ilPKPAEWvPF sPFÈOLpPOLikPPYoPF çpPOLiyPAjPLz| ePEWvPF HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL ElPiKPECPFilPnPL idPLiSPF iyPBPOAiHP aAvhPFnPL iyPBPOAiHP ElPEpPOLHPªPì kPPrPA hPFbPL, isPFvhPF kPPAVPFAimPFAEWvPF HPjPLAbPL irPiKP| ilPKPAEWvPF hPFrPifPO kPPirP pPOLAEVPFibPLiCPFnPL FpOLUiäOpPFÓOdLUsFUÓOdPrP mFUiKPApPOLADPFzAbPL|

dPLAÈOLpPOLtPOz dPLLÕPLEHPEDPFrP aAvhPFnPL (1) (2) (3) (4)

CHAPTER VII
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY AND NAVY

19. The Army and Navy shall, in this code, mean the sons and the daughters and daughters-in-law.
20. Whoever abets the commiting of mutiny by a son or a daughter or a daughter-in-law shall be liable to be punished by scolding and tears and lamentations.

sPFâPLmPF aDPFzAbPL
pPOLÃFWvPFnPL ePHPM nPLAEHPkPPisPFnPLA sPFÈ÷PÓ÷PìQbPL

19 DPFArPAF| eP aAvhPFinPL pPOLlP²WvPFnPL aiTPY uCPFilPrP dPLlPF| nPLAEHPkPP usPFnPLA EJPF (ePHPM)
uHP´F|
20 DPFArPAF| uyP ãO÷PAmPFQ, FpOLUÀeOL` HPA kPPnPLzA HPA HPDFUkPPtÖOYkPP gOÖEhPFNPQrP çpPOLEtPO
EHPiædPAEhPFtPOArP sPFhPFAbPLtPOA kPPErPiHP, usPF EtPOrPãFFkPPArP oPF urPAdPLinPLrP ªPArPA dPLLÕPLNPQbPL hPFvhPFiHPF|

CHAPTER VIII
OF OFFENCES AGAINST DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY

21. An assembly of two or more husbands is designated an unlawful assembly if the common object of such husbands is,
First, To drink as defined by law or to gamble or to commit any other matrimonial offence, %
Secondly, To overawe by show of authority (to) their wives from exercise of the lawful authority of such wives,
Thirdly, To resist the execution of a wife's order.

22. Whoever is a member of an unlawful assembly shall be punished by imprisonment with hard words and shall also be liable to contemptuous silence or to scolding.

OF DRINKING WINE AND SPIRITS
23. Any liquid kept in a bottle and taken in a glass vessel is wine and spirits.
24. Whoever has in his possession wine and spirits as above defined is said to drink.
EXPLANATION
%He is said to drink even though he never touches the liquid himself.

25. Whoever is guilty of drinking shall be punished with imprisonment of either description within the four walls of a bed-room during the evening hours and shall also be liable to scolding.

OF RIOTING
26. Whoever shall speak in an ungentle voice to his wife shall be guilty of domestic rioting.
27. Whoever is guilty of domestic rioting shall be punished by contemptuous silence or by scolding or by tears and lamentations.

aêPLmPF aDPFzAbPL
gOÖhPFmPFiDPFz SPFAEÙPOBPOÑPinPLrP apPOLrPADPF

21 DPFArPAF| dLUvhPF, EkPP tPOAhPFArP aEDPFkPP EHPHPAEhPFtPO HPzEÀoPLÝrP jPLnPLtPOA hPFvhPFilP yPEdPL jPLnPLtPOAkPPArPQidPLrP EnPLimÔ`OLrP ElPEKPtPO ukPPAnPL aEBPOçpPOLAbPL TPAikPP tPOiHP "uHP aAvhPFnPLQ jPLnPLtPOA" jPLnPLtPOA HPlPA yPAbPLF|
çpPOLTPmPFF| yPEdPL, mPFdPLzpPOLAnPL kPPrPA, EkPP anPLzçpPOLkPPArP dPLAÈOLpPOLtPOz apPOLrPADPF kPPErPHPArP aEBPOçpPOLAbPL TPAikPPF|
EªPtPOQbPLF| yPEdPL aAãOOfPOLAlPnPL ªPArPA pPOLóPQEdPLgPOikPP aAvhPFnPLmPFtPO ¾PPmPFtPOA çpPOLkPPASPF kPPrPiNP EnPLHÖÀoP`L kPPrPArP jPLnPLz BPObPL çpPOLdPLSPFYnPL kPPrPArP aEBPOçpPOLAbPL TPAikPPF|
tÖOtPOQbPLF| yPEdPL ukPPAnPL ãFíPLQrP aA¸PPAmPFtPO kPPimPFYrP çpPOLEtPOHPÓ÷PìkPP hPFvhPFHPArP aEBPOçpPOLAbPL TPAikPPF|

22 DPFArPAF| uyP ukPPhPF "uHP aAvhPFnPLQ jPLnPLtPOArP HPzEÀoPLÝ" hPFbPL, usPF kPPEVPFnPL EtPOrPãFFkPPAirPrP sPFEhPFtPO kPPibPLdPL hPFvhPFiHP, aTPHPA mPFAnPL aTPHPA EtPOrPãFFkPPAirPrP sPFEhPFtPO dPLLÕPLnPLQbPL hPFvhPFiHPF|

mPFdPLzpPOLAinPLrP kPPTPA
23 DPFArPAF| uyP ukPPAnPL jPLlPHPð ædPHPz uHPAtPOilP TPAikPP ePHPM kPPAÿicPFrP pPOLAiÀeOL` pPOLQtPO hPFbPL, tPOAhPFA mPFdPLzF|
24 DPFArPAF| wvPOÀoPLÝrPìpPOL ædPHPz uyP GPLirP usPFvhPF mPFdPLzpPOLAbPLQF|
aiTPYrP kPPTPA
usPF eý ædPHPz ãO÷PhPFiéPF ãPOpPOLSPFY nPLA kPPErPilPoPF mPFdPLzpPOLAbPLQF|

25 DPFArPAF| uyP mPFdPLzpPOLAbPLQ usPF çpPOLtPOzhPF sPFÓ÷PìzArP pPOLrP SPFyPzAgOÖihPFrP cPFAErP EBPOEÀoP`LrP mPFiDPFz kPPibPLdPL TPAEkPPiHP ePHPM EtPOrPãFFkPPArP çpPOLAâPL hPFvhPFiHPF|
26 DPFArPAF| uyP ukPPhPF ãFíPLQrP çpPOLEtPO kPPkPPYSPF ãO÷PirP kPPTPA kPPihPF, usPF hPFAËPAmPFA kPPirPF|
27 DPFArPAF| uyP ukPPhPF gOÖhPFmPFiDPFz hPFAËPAmPFA kPPErPiHP, tPOAhPFArP sPFAjPLA mPFAnPL HPA EtPOrPãFFkPPArP HPA a`çLSPFqHPXPYNP oPF urPAdPLnPLF|

['dPLAÈOLpPOLtPOdPLLÕPLEHPEDPF aAvhPFnPL' (The matrimonical code) rPcPFnPLAEWvPF ePKPAinPLvhPF sPFmPFAâPL; aÙPOtPOß aAmPFArP kPPAiCPF uyP 'HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL sPFAEhPFtPOzsPFmPFçLgPF' çLgPFÚPFEWvPF aAiCPF, tPOAitPO ePrP uHPSPFQ pPOLAvhPFEnPLF|
ulPKPAEWvPFitPO HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL HPAÊPFlPA BPOXPArP uyP DPFrPNPEWvPF HPzHPhPFArP kPPirPiCPFnPL, aTPYAð tPOðsPFmPF oPF tPOðBPOHP SPF¡P, tPOAvhPF rPAKPA hPFibPLiCPFF| ePrP EpPOLCPFinPL dLUEWvPF kPPArPNP aAiCPFF| ePkPP, tPOAÿrP HPzHPhÖFtPO sPFADFUBPOAXPArP HPdPLilP cPFElPtPO BPOAXPAbPL rPìpPOLAÙPOrP kPPrPilP HPzAiËPrP ãO÷PAdPLEWvPF aAlUnPLQ hPFibPL yPAiHPF| EªPtPOQbPL, aAvhPFnPL rPcPFnPLArP kPPAijPL ePKPnPLoPF sPFADFUBPOAXPA TPAikPP sPFcPFrPAcPFrP ePmPFnPL EkPP EkPPCUF EHPidPLSPFQ SPF¡PoPF HPzHPhPFArP kPPrPA hPFbPLF| eP CPFAwxPFA, HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL ãO÷PbPLM anFÖtPOsFUÓOdPrPQ dPLAsPFQ mPFrPfPOtPO vhPFMrPAjPLQ tPOjPLYmPFA dPLAEKPlP kPPirPiCPFnPL; kPPAijPLvhPF yPAÿrPA dLUBPOYAgPOzÀePÝimPF HPAMlPA BPOAXPA oPF sPFAEhPFitPOzrP sPFÈOFpOLZNPY oPF sPFEVPFkPP ãO÷PAdPL pPOLAnPL EnPL tPOAÿidPLrP pPOLi¾PPoPF HPAMlPA aDPFzAbPLgOUElPrP BPOAHP çLgPFhPFinPL ukPPAnPL asFUEHPDPFA hPFHPArP kPPTPA nPLbPLF|
mPFEhPFlPA pPOLAVPFkPPidPLrP çpPOLEtPO sPFEHPiSPFXP, sPFEHPnPLbPL oPF sPF`çLSPFªPì anFUirPADPF tPOAÿrPA ulPKPAEWvPF hPFAÅPOABPOAiHPvhPF unPLiHPnPL oPF tPOAÿidPLrP EHPrPqiªPì pPOL¾PPpPOLAtPOdLUêPL HPilP aEBPOiyPAgPO uyPnPL nPLA kPPirPnPLF| HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPLikPP wvPOçLgPF FpOLUrPqXPtPOAEÓFíPLkPP DPFirP unPLHPArP aAigPO HPEÌPOmPFcPFiÓLçLdPLrP 'sPFAmPFz'- SPFQXPYkPP çpPOLHPiÓ÷PìrP pPOLÏPOmPF pPOLErPi©CPFdPL pPOLiwxPF udPLKPitPO anFUirPADPF kPPErP; ePHPM mPFinPL rPAKPiHPnPL 'sPFAmPFz' çpPOLHPÓ÷Pì ulPKPA hPFibPLECPFlP aAjPL uTPikPP 135 HPCPFrP aAigPO yPKPnPL sPFtPOzvhPF HPAMlPA tPOTPA BPOArPtPOHPiXPYrP sPFmPFAjPL wvPOçLgPF FpOLUrPqXPtPOAEÓFíPLkPP ECPFlP ePHPM ãFíPLQ jPLAEtPOrP çpPOLEtPO ePvhPFrPkPPmPF sPFAimPFzrP çpPOLéPFAHP kPPÜPnPLAvhPF kPPrPA uyPtPO nPLA, yPA HPEÌPOmPFcPFÓLçLdPL 'sPFAmPFz' çpPOLHPÓ÷PìEWvPFitPO udPLEKPibPLiCPFnPLF| vhPF©CPFA aAiCPF dLUEWvPF HPA EtPOnPLEWvPF EkPPEéPFitPO usPFEWvPF pPOLErPiHPSPFnPL kPP'rPHPF|]

FpOLUiäOpPFÓOdLUsFUÓOdPrP mFUiKPApPOLADPFzAb PL

(aApPOLnPLArP mPFÙPOHPz jPLAnPLA``unPLArP jPL``unPLz EÂFkPPkPP kPPrPqnPL)